- Pleural fluid is continuously produced and reabsorbed, with a thin layer normally in the pleural space. Abnormal pleural fluid accumulation (effusion) occurs in diseases of the pleura, heart, or lymphatics. The pleural fluid is studied, with other tests, to determine the underlying cause.
- Obtained by aspiration (thoracentesis) or by tube thoracotomy (chest tube insertion;
- The fluid is examined for cell count, differential, specific gravity, cytology, protein, glucose, pH, lactate dehydrogenase, and amylase. Pleural fluid is usually light straw colored.
Nursing and Patient Care Considerations
- Observe and record total amount of fluid withdrawn, nature of fluid, and its color and viscosity.
- Prepare sample of fluid and ensure transport to the laboratory.
